Sadomasochism

Sadomasochism, abbreviated as SM, refers to sexual or erotic preferences and practices in which elements of dominance, submission, pain, humiliation, or control play a role. The term can describe both the combination of sadistic and masochistic tendencies within one person and the complementary interaction between two people who share such preferences. In modern usage, SM is usually a broad term for consensual power and pleasure dynamics.

Historically, sadism and masochism were classified in sexology as “perversions”; this view is now considered outdated and stigmatizing. What matters today is the clear distinction between consensual erotic play and abusive behavior. For such practices, consent, boundaries, communication, and safety are essential, as pain- and control-based play can involve physical or psychological risks.